France (fr)

Biometric passport: Data retention, LEA access

According to Wikipedia, citizens of France can/must have biometric passports [doesn't imply retaining biometric information].

Biometric passport data retention

Accroding to the US Library of Congress, biometric data collected for production of passports is also retained and may be used by law enforcement agencies in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, France, Israel, New Zealand, Ukraine, and the USA.

This may — of course — gradually create creeping de-facto databases of a large part of the population (citizens who travel).

This practice is prohibited by law in Germany, Sweden, and South Korea.

National ID card: Not compulsory

According to wikipedia, France has a non-compulsory identity card.

National Biometric database: Rejected

Contributed by Nir Hirshman
  • EFF:

    In March 2012, the Conseil Constitutionnel, the highest authority on the French Constitution, declared the provisions of a law permitting judicial and police use of a centralized national ID database to be unconstitutional.